Gideon St Helen, PhD

Associate Professor

I am a toxicologist who conduct clinical pharmacology studies to understand the harms or benefits of novel tobacco products and the pharmacological interaction between cannabis and tobacco when co-administered.
Education
PhD, 2011 - Toxicology, University of Georgia
BSc, 2006 - Biology, Livingstone College
Publications

  2. Giberson J, Nardone N, Addo N, Khan S, Jacob P, Benowitz N, St Helen G. Nicotine Intake in Adult Pod E-cigarette Users: Impact of User and Device Characteristics. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2023. PMID: 37061820


  3. Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, Hamburg NM, Kheradmand F, St Helen G, Wu JC, American Heart Association Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Th. Cardiopulmonary Consequences of Vaping in Adolescents: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation research 2022. PMID: 35726609


  4. Jacob P, Chan L, Cheung P, Bello K, Yu L, StHelen G, Benowitz NL. Minor Tobacco Alkaloids as Biomarkers to Distinguish Combusted Tobacco Use From Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Use. Two New Analytical Methods. Frontiers in chemistry 2022. PMID: 35720984


  5. Chaffee BW, Halpern-Felsher B, Jacob P, St Helen G. Biomarkers of nicotine exposure correlate with the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist among adolescents in California, United States. "HIV within the House Ball Community and the Promise of Community-based Social Structures for Intervention and Support" 2022. PMID: 35033980


  6. Benowitz NL, St Helen G, Liakoni E. Clinical Pharmacology of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Implications for Benefits and Risks in the Promotion of the Combusted Tobacco Endgame. "HIV within the House Ball Community and the Promise of Community-based Social Structures for Intervention and Support" 2021. PMID: 34396553


  7. Benowitz NL, St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Zhang JJ, Harvanko AM, Calfee CS, Jacob P. Twenty-Four-Hour Cardiovascular Effects of Electronic Cigarettes Compared With Cigarette Smoking in Dual Users. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020. PMID: 33208019


  8. Yao T, Sung HY, Huang J, Chu L, St Helen G, Max W. The impact of e-cigarette and cigarette prices on e-cigarette and cigarette sales in California. Preventive medicine reports 2020. PMID: 33240784


  9. Carroll DM, Cigan S, Ikuemonisan J, Hammonds T, Stepanov I, St Helen G, Benowitz N, Hatsukami DK. Relationships Between Race, Gender, and Spot Urine Levels of Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure Vary Based on How Creatinine Is Handled in Analyses. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco 2020. PMID: 32598452


  10. Kovar L, Selzer D, Britz H, Benowitz N, St Helen G, Kohl Y, Bals R, Lehr T. Comprehensive Parent-Metabolite PBPK/PD Modeling Insights into Nicotine Replacement Therapy Strategies. Clinical pharmacokinetics 2020. PMID: 32166575


  12. Liakoni E, Nardone N, St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Cigarette Reinforcement. 2019. PMID: 31725872


  13. Jacob P, St Helen G, Yu L, Nardone N, Havel C, Cheung P, Benowitz NL. Biomarkers of Exposure for Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Combustible Cigarettes: Nicotelline, NNAL, and Total Nicotine Equivalents. 2019. PMID: 31833541


  15. Benowitz NL, Helen GS, Nardone N, Cox LS, Jacob P. Urine Metabolites for Estimating Daily Intake of Nicotine from Cigarette Smoking. 2019. PMID: 30852610


  16. St Helen G, Nardone N, Addo N, Dempsey D, Havel C, Jacob P, Benowitz N. Differences in nicotine intake and effects from electronic and combustible cigarettes among dual users. 2019. PMID: 31691397


  17. Nardone N, Jain S, Addo N, St Helen G, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Sources and Biomarkers of Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents. Academic pediatrics 2019. PMID: 31866460


  19. Benowitz N, Nardone N, St Helen G, Addo N, Jacob P, Liakoni E, Jain S, Hooshfar S, Lynch K. Quantitative biochemical screening for marijuana use and concordance with tobacco use in urban adolescents. 2019. PMID: 31600618


  20. Liakoni E, St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Relationship between skin melanin index and nicotine pharmacokinetics in African American smokers. 2019. PMID: 31521954


  21. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Ko J, Jacob P, Gregorich SE, Pérez-Stable EJ, Murphy SE, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Donny EC. Differences in exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic volatile organic compounds between Black and White cigarette smokers. 2019. PMID: 31406274


  22. Nardone N, Helen GS, Addo N, Meighan S, Benowitz NL. JUUL electronic cigarettes: Nicotine exposure and the user experience. 2019. PMID: 31408770


  23. Stroud L, Werner E, Matteson K, Carey M, Helen GS, Eissenberg T, Scott-Sheldon LAJ. Waterpipe (hookah) tobacco use in pregnancy: use, preferences and perceptions of flavours. Volume 29 of Issue Suppl 2. 2019. PMID: 31320397


  24. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Ahluwalia JS, Tyndale RF, Addo N, Gregorich SE, Pérez-Stable EJ, Cox LS. Black Light Smokers: How Nicotine Intake and Carcinogen Exposure Differ Across Various Biobehavioral Factors. 2019. PMID: 31084916


  25. Liakoni E, Edwards KC, St Helen G, Nardone N, Dempsey DA, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Effects of Nicotine Metabolic Rate on Withdrawal Symptoms and Response to Cigarette Smoking After Abstinence. 2018. PMID: 30242831


  26. Elias J, Dutra LM, St Helen G, Ling PM. Revolution or redux? Assessing IQOS through a precursor product. 2018. PMID: 30305324


  27. St Helen G, Jacob Iii P, Nardone N, Benowitz NL. IQOS: examination of Philip Morris International's claim of reduced exposure. 2018. PMID: 30158205


  28. St Helen G, Eaton DL. Public Health Consequences of e-Cigarette Use. Volume 178 of Issue 7. JAMA internal medicine 2018. PMID: 29801158


  29. St Helen G, Shahid M, Chu S, Benowitz NL. Impact of e-liquid flavors on e-cigarette vaping behavior. 2018. PMID: 29879680


  31. Velicer C, St Helen G, Glantz SA. Tobacco papers and tobacco industry ties in regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. Volume 39 of Issue 1. 2017. PMID: 29116189


  32. Havel CM, Benowitz NL, Jacob P, St Helen G. An Electronic Cigarette Vaping Machine for the Characterization of Aerosol Delivery and Composition. 2017. PMID: 27281605


  33. Benowitz NL, Jain S, Dempsey DA, Nardone N, Helen GS, Jacob P. Urine Cotinine Screening Detects Nearly Ubiquitous Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Urban Adolescents. 2017. PMID: 28031377


  34. St Helen G, Dempsey DA, Havel CM, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Impact of e-liquid flavors on nicotine intake and pharmacology of e-cigarettes. 2017. PMID: 28704768


  35. Schick SF, Blount BC, Jacob P, Saliba NA, Bernert JT, El Hellani A, Jatlow P, Pappas RS, Wang L, Foulds J, Ghosh A, Hecht SS, Gomez JC, Martin JR, Mesaros C, Srivastava S, St Helen G, Tarran R, Lorkiewicz PK, Blair IA, Kimmel HL, Doerschuk CM, Benowitz NL, Bhatnagar A. Biomarkers of exposure to new and emerging tobacco delivery products. American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology 2017. PMID: 28522563


  37. St Helen G, Ross KC, Dempsey DA, Havel CM, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Nicotine Delivery and Vaping Behavior During ad Libitum E-cigarette Access. 2016. PMID: 28393086


  40. St Helen G, Havel C, Dempsey DA, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Nicotine delivery, retention and pharmacokinetics from various electronic cigarettes. 2015. PMID: 26430813


  41. St Helen G, Aguilar-Villalobos M, Adetona O, Cassidy B, Bayer CW, Hendry R, Hall DB, Naeher LP. Exposure of pregnant women to cookstove-related household air pollution in urban and periurban Trujillo, Peru. Volume 70 of Issue 1. 2015. PMID: 24215174


  42. St Helen G, Jacob P, Peng M, Dempsey DA, Hammond SK, Benowitz NL. Intake of toxic and carcinogenic volatile organic compounds from secondhand smoke in motor vehicles. 2014. PMID: 25398951


  43. St Helen G, Benowitz NL, Dains KM, Havel C, Peng M, Jacob P. Nicotine and carcinogen exposure after water pipe smoking in hookah bars. 2014. PMID: 24836469


  44. Dempsey DA, St Helen G, Jacob P, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Genetic and pharmacokinetic determinants of response to transdermal nicotine in white, black, and Asian nonsmokers. 2013. PMID: 23933970


  46. Jones IA, St Helen G, Meyers MJ, Dempsey DA, Havel C, Jacob P, Northcross A, Hammond SK, Benowitz NL. Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles. 2013. PMID: 23349229


  47. Benowitz NL, Dempsey D, Tyndale RF, St Helen G, Jacob P. Dose-independent kinetics with low level exposure to nicotine and cotinine. 2013. PMID: 22574797


  48. St Helen G, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure. 2012. PMID: 22971134


  49. St Helen G, Holland NT, Balmes JR, Hall DB, Bernert JT, Vena JE, Wang JS, Naeher LP. Utility of urinary Clara cell protein (CC16) to demonstrate increased lung epithelial permeability in non-smokers exposed to outdoor secondhand smoke. Volume 23 of Issue 2. 2012. PMID: 22805990


  50. St Helen G, Novalen M, Heitjan DF, Dempsey D, Jacob P, Aziziyeh A, Wing VC, George TP, Tyndale RF, Benowitz NL. Reproducibility of the nicotine metabolite ratio in cigarette smokers. 2012. PMID: 22552800


  51. St Helen G, Bernert JT, Hall DB, Sosnoff CS, Xia Y, Balmes JR, Vena JE, Wang JS, Holland NT, Naeher LP. Exposure to secondhand smoke outside of a bar and a restaurant and tobacco exposure biomarkers in nonsmokers. Volume 120 of Issue 7. 2012. PMID: 22484462


  52. St Helen G, Goniewicz ML, Dempsey D, Wilson M, Jacob P, Benowitz NL. Exposure and kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smokers. 2012. PMID: 22428611


  53. St Helen G, Hall DB, Kudon LH, Pearce J, Baptiste S, Ferguson S, Green T, Naeher LP. Particulate matter (PM2.5) and carbon monoxide from secondhand smoke outside bars and restaurants in downtown Athens, Georgia. Volume 74 of Issue 3. 2011. PMID: 22010328


  54. Hall JC, Bernert JT, Hall DB, St Helen G, Kudon LH, Naeher LP. Assessment of exposure to secondhand smoke at outdoor bars and family restaurants in Athens, Georgia, using salivary cotinine. Volume 6 of Issue 11. 2009. PMID: 19757294